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Price & Trend
Price
price
The current market price of a stock, ETF or commodity at the time of the last price fetch. Determined by supply and demand; a higher price doesn't automatically mean expensive.
Limitations
A snapshot, not a live tick-by-tick price -- depending on the data source there can be a few minutes of delay. Says nothing about valuation (expensive/cheap is a matter of P/E, not the price itself).
Example
A price of €500 isn't necessarily "more expensive" than a price of €5 -- that depends on the number of shares outstanding, not the price itself.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Ticker card (headline figure)
- Every percentage calculation (return, P&L, alerts)
Bollinger Bands
volatility
Three lines: a middle band (20-day SMA) plus and minus 2 standard deviations. Bands widen during high volatility. For a normally distributed price series, theoretically about 95% of observations would fall within the bands — in practice, deviations and breakouts occur more often.
Middle band = SMA(20) | Upper/lower band = SMA(20) ± 2 × standard deviation
Limitations
The bands adapt to recent volatility — after a sudden volatility shock (e.g. unexpected news) they lag behind reality.
Example
The price touches the upper band during a strong uptrend: that's not a sell signal by itself — the price can "walk" along the band for a while without falling back.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Price chart overlay (Chart tab)
Support
level
A price level where the price repeatedly finds support. Investors buy heavily at this level. A zone that holds up multiple times is often considered more relevant — but repeated tests can also weaken a zone.
Limitations
Support is a zone, not an exact line -- the price can temporarily move through it without that being a confirmed breakout. Based on historical data, no guarantee for the future.
Example
A stock that bounces three times around €48 builds a support zone around that level -- a fourth test can just as easily hold as break.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Breakout alert (support/resistance icon on the ticker card)
- Price levels in the AI position analysis
Resistance
level
A price level where the price struggles to break through. Can trigger profit-taking, but is not a sell signal on its own. Old resistance becomes new support after a breakout.
Limitations
Same caveat as support: a zone, not an exact price. Repeated tests can either strengthen a level (more investors recognize it) or weaken it (it "uses up" selling pressure).
Example
A price that bounces off €62 three times and then breaks through often turns €62 into new support.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Breakout alert
- Price levels in the AI position analysis
Price performance by period
trend
Percentage price change over 1 year, 6 months, 3 months, 30, 10, 5 and 1 day. The combination helps compare short-term momentum against the medium- and long-term trend. Color-coded: green = up, red = down.
Limitations
Only shows the start and end point of each period, not the path in between -- a steady climb and a crash-with-recovery can end up at the same percentage.
Example
+8% over 30 days could be the result of a steady rise, or of a sharp drop followed by a strong recovery -- two very different risk profiles with the same headline number.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Ticker card (metrics row)
- Compare tool
Trend Badge (Bull / Bear / Sideways)
signal
Bullish: uptrend, buyers dominate. Bearish: downtrend, sellers dominate. Sideways: no clear direction. Calculated from RSI, MACD and the price change over 5 trading days.
Limitations
Based on a fixed, short period (5 days). A stock can drop on one day, rise over thirty days and move sideways over a year, all at once -- "the trend" without a time horizon is incomplete.
Example
A stock with a Bullish badge (based on the last 5 days) can still be well below where it was a year ago.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Ticker card
- Report summary table
SMA (Simple Moving Average)
trend
A simple moving average. SMA20 = average price over the last 20 days. SMA50 and SMA200 are often used as support/resistance.
Limitations
Lags behind price changes -- the longer the period (SMA200 vs. SMA20), the slower it reacts. Can generate many false signals in a sideways market as the price repeatedly crosses it.
Example
After a sudden price jump, the SMA still reflects the old level for days, because older prices count just as heavily as recent ones.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Chart tab (overlay)
- Golden Cross / Death Cross
EMA (Exponential Moving Average)
trend
An exponentially weighted moving average. Gives more weight to recent prices than SMA, reacts faster to changes.
Limitations
Reacts faster than SMA, but is therefore also more sensitive to short-lived noise -- more false signals in a choppy sideways market.
Example
On the same price jump, the EMA reacts faster than the SMA, which can give an earlier signal -- but also an earlier false signal on a temporary spike.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- MACD calculation
Golden Cross / Death Cross
signal
Golden Cross: SMA50 crosses above SMA200, usually read as a positive long-term signal. Death Cross: SMA50 crosses below SMA200, usually read as negative. Both are lagging signals and can appear only after a significant part of the price move has already happened.
Limitations
Lagging by definition (based on SMA50/SMA200) -- can appear only after a large part of the move has already happened, and can give a false signal in a sideways market.
Example
A Golden Cross that appears after the price has already risen 20% confirms a trend that has mostly already happened -- not an early entry signal.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- The "MA50/MA200" field in the report's AI Analysis tab (shows which of the two is above the other, the same underlying comparison)
Momentum Indicators
RSI (Relative Strength Index)
momentum
Measures the speed and size of price moves on a scale of 0-100. RSI > 70 = overbought, < 30 = oversold, ≈ 50 = neutral. Calculated over 14 trading days. Overbought doesn't automatically mean an imminent decline — in a strong trend, RSI can stay above 70 for a while.
RSI = 100 − (100 / (1 + RS)) | RS = avg. gain ÷ avg. loss
Limitations
RSI is a momentum indicator over a fixed, short period (14 days) — not a prediction. On sudden news it can quickly become stale, and in a strong trend RSI can stay above 70 (or below 30) for weeks without a reversal following.
Example
RSI = 78 after a strong rally points to relatively strong momentum, not necessarily an imminent decline — not unusual in a sustained uptrend.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Trend Badge
- Risk Score
- Overbought/Oversold signal
MACD (12, 26, 9)
momentum
Difference between two exponential moving averages. The signal line (9-day EMA of the MACD line itself) gives buy and sell signals. A crossover of MACD above the signal line is often read as positive momentum, below as negative.
MACD line = EMA(12) − EMA(26) | Signal line = EMA(9) of the MACD line
Limitations
MACD is based on moving averages and therefore lags the price by definition. In a sideways market it can generate a lot of crossovers (and so false signals).
Example
A crossover of the MACD line above the signal line below the zero line is often read as a stronger signal than the same crossover well above the zero line.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Trend Badge
- Chart tab (technical analysis)
ADX (Average Directional Index)
momentum
Measures the strength of a trend, not its direction. ADX > 25 = strong trend, < 20 = no clear trend. Direction is usually assessed separately with +DI/-DI or other trend indicators.
Limitations
Says nothing about the trend's direction -- only its strength. A high ADX can therefore belong to a strong rally just as easily as a strong decline.
Example
An ADX of 35 during a sharp decline points to a strong downtrend, not a buying opportunity -- read direction elsewhere (e.g. the Trend Badge, which is based on RSI/MACD/price change, not ADX).
Note
ADX is included here for general reference only -- MyStockWatcher doesn't calculate an ADX value itself.
Stochastic Oscillator
momentum
Compares the closing price to the price range over 14 days. %K > 80 = overbought, %K < 20 = oversold. %D is usually a moving average of %K, used as a signal line. Usually reacts faster to short-term changes than RSI, but can also give more false signals as a result.
Limitations
More sensitive to short-lived noise than RSI -- can flip between overbought and oversold often in a choppy sideways market without a real trend change following.
Example
%K can jump from 15 to 85 within a few days for a stock with a lot of short-term swings, without the underlying trend changing.
Oversold / Overbought
signal
Oversold (RSI < 30): the price has fallen relatively sharply on a momentum indicator — can point to a possible technical rebound. Overbought (RSI > 70): the price has risen relatively sharply — can point to a temporary cool-off. Neither says anything directly about fundamental valuation.
Limitations
A purely technical classification based on RSI -- an "oversold" stock in a strong downtrend can keep falling for weeks before any recovery.
Example
A stock can stay oversold (RSI below 30) for weeks during bad news without recovering -- oversold is no guarantee of a rebound.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- RSI color coding on the Chart tab
Volume & Volatility
Volume
volume
Number of shares traded in a trading day. High volume on a rally = strong buying pressure. Green = up, red = down. Shown in K (thousand) or M (million).
Limitations
Says nothing about the reason behind the activity -- high volume can come from news, an index rebalancing, or simply an options expiry day.
Example
A price rise on unusually low volume is usually seen as less convincing than the same rise on high volume.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Volume Status badge
- Chart tab (volume chart below the price chart)
ATR % (Average True Range)
volatility
Average daily price movement as a percentage of the price over 14 days. High ATR% = bigger price swings (more price volatility) — not a full measure of business or investment risk. Sometimes used to size price-based stop levels.
(ATR ÷ Price) × 100
Limitations
Measures price swings only, not direction -- a high ATR% says nothing about whether the price is likely to rise or fall.
Example
A €50 price with an ATR% of 3.6% means the stock moves roughly €1.80 per day on average -- an indicative risk level, not a guaranteed range.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Risk Score calculation
Volume Status
volume
Compares current volume to the 20-day average. High (more than 150% of the average): unusually high activity. Normal (50%-150% of the average). Low (less than 50% of the average): low interest.
Limitations
A relative comparison to the stock's own recent history, not to peers -- a structurally thin-trading stock can still show "Normal" while being illiquid in absolute terms.
Example
A small stock that normally trades 50,000 shares a day shows "High" at 80,000 shares -- a large-cap that normally trades 10 million shares shows "Low" at that same number.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Volume badge on the ticker card
VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price)
volume
Volume-weighted average price, mostly used intraday. Price above VWAP is often read as relatively strong, below as relatively weak — the meaning depends on the time and session. Widely used by institutional investors as a benchmark.
Limitations
Resets every session from scratch -- early in the day VWAP is still very sensitive to the first few trades and less meaningful.
Example
A large institutional order is often spread out over the day aiming for an average price close to the VWAP, instead of buying all at once at whatever price is available at that moment.
Fundamental Indicators
P/E Trailing
valuation
Price-to-earnings ratio based on realized earnings over the past 12 months. P/E 20 = you're paying 20x annual earnings. A higher P/E can point to expected growth, a lower P/E can point to a lower valuation, but also to slower growth or higher risk — compare with peers, the company's own history and expected growth.
Price ÷ Earnings per share
Limitations
Based on past earnings, so it says nothing directly about future growth. Can be heavily skewed by one-off gains or losses (e.g. a divested business unit).
Example
A P/E of 60 for a chipmaker in a fast-growing market can be more normal than a P/E of 15 for a utility with stable, low growth — the sector helps define what's "normal".
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Fundamentals tab
- Peer comparison
P/E Forward
valuation
Price-to-earnings ratio based on expected earnings for the next 12 months. A lower forward than trailing P/E can mean higher future earnings are expected, assuming price and other factors stay equal. Based on analyst estimates, which can change or turn out wrong.
Limitations
Relies entirely on analysts' earnings estimates -- these get revised regularly and can turn out wrong, especially in fast-changing sectors.
Example
A forward P/E of 18 against a trailing P/E of 25 points to expected earnings growth -- but only if that growth actually materializes.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Fundamentals tab
EPS Growth YoY
growth
Growth in earnings per share compared to the same quarter last year. Positive = more profitable. Growth of more than 20% is often considered strong, but the interpretation depends on sector, company size and comparison base. Negative = a warning sign.
Limitations
Can be heavily skewed by a low comparison base (e.g. growth looks enormous after a crisis year) or by one-off items.
Example
150% earnings growth after a loss-making year mostly reflects the low starting point, not necessarily a structural improvement.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Fundamentals tab
Revenue Growth
growth
Percentage growth in revenue compared to last year. Positive growth = a growing company. Important in combination with profit margins.
Limitations
Revenue growth without profit growth can point to shrinking margins -- always look at it together with gross margin and profit margin, not as a standalone number.
Example
A company growing revenue 30% but with shrinking margins can end up less profitable despite the growth headline.
Market Cap
valuation
Total market value of a company. Mega-cap (>$200B), Large-cap ($10B-$200B), Mid-cap ($2B-$10B), Small-cap (<$2B). These thresholds are indicative and can vary by data source or market.
Shares outstanding × Current price
Limitations
A snapshot that moves with the price every day -- the category (mega/large/mid/small-cap) can shift without anything fundamental changing about the company.
Example
Two companies with the same revenue can have very different market caps if the market prices in different future growth expectations.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Fundamentals tab
- Peer comparison
52W High / Low
price
Highest and lowest price level over the past 52 weeks. Near the high can point to relative momentum, near the low to weakness — but also to structural problems. Further analysis is still needed.
Limitations
A 52-week low is not an automatic "buying opportunity" -- it can just as easily be the start of a structural decline.
Example
A stock near its 52-week low after a profit warning may well be there for good reason, not just coincidentally "cheap".
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Fundamentals tab
Gross Margin
profitability
Percentage of revenue left after subtracting direct production costs. A high gross margin can point to pricing power, low direct costs or a scalable business model — the normal margin varies a lot by sector (e.g. 70%+ for software, 5-10% for retail is normal).
Limitations
Only comparable within the same sector -- a 30% gross margin is excellent for a retailer but weak for a software company.
Example
See the worked example further down this page (the "Examples & Clarification" section).
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Fundamentals tab
Profit Margin
profitability
Percentage of revenue left as net profit after all costs. Reflects the overall profitability of the company. A negative margin means a loss.
Limitations
Can be distorted by one-off items (e.g. a tax refund or a write-down), which can make it diverge from structural profitability in a normal year.
Example
A company with a 5% profit margin keeps €5 out of every €100 in revenue, after all costs, interest and taxes -- much less than the gross margin, which only subtracts direct production costs.
Dividend Yield
dividend
Annual dividend as a percentage of the price. A 3% yield = €3 per €100 invested. A high yield (5%+) can look attractive, but can also be the result of a sharply lower price or a potentially unsustainable dividend. Very high yields (10%+) deserve extra scrutiny.
(Annual Dividend ÷ Price) × 100
Limitations
A falling price automatically pushes the yield up, even without the company performing better -- a high yield can therefore be a warning sign rather than a bargain.
Example
See the worked example further down this page (the "Examples & Clarification" section).
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Fundamentals tab
- Dividend calendar (estimated annual yield)
Payout Ratio
dividend
Percentage of profit paid out as dividend. A payout ratio above 100% means the dividend paid out is higher than the reported profit for that period — can be temporary, but deserves a check of free cash flow, debt and dividend policy.
Dividend per share ÷ Earnings per share × 100
Limitations
Based on reported accounting profit, not free cash flow -- a company can show a sustainable payout ratio while actual cash flow doesn't cover the dividend, or vice versa.
Example
A payout ratio of 120% after a weak quarter isn't automatically a problem if the company remains structurally profitable and can sustain the dividend from reserves -- but it does deserve monitoring.
Beta
risk
Estimates how much a stock has historically moved with a benchmark, e.g. the S&P 500. Beta = 1: moves with the market. > 1: higher market sensitivity. < 1: lower market sensitivity. Beta measures market risk, but not all business, liquidity or currency risk.
Limitations
Beta is based on historical data and can change over time (e.g. after a change in company strategy). It says nothing about risks unrelated to market moves, like a product recall or an accounting scandal.
Example
A beta of 1.5 doesn't mean the stock will move exactly 1.5x the market tomorrow — it's a historical average, not a guarantee for any single day.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Risk Score calculation
Risk Score (1-10)
risk
A relative indication of price and market risk, composed of beta, ATR%, sector and RSI. 1-3 = low risk, 4-6 = average, 7-10 = high risk. Not a prediction of loss and not a substitute for full risk analysis — only the price/market component, not e.g. liquidity or currency risk.
Limitations
The score only covers price/market risk, not liquidity, currency or company-specific risk (e.g. an ongoing lawsuit). Crypto, currencies, commodities and ETFs may need a different methodology than individual stocks.
Example
Two stocks with a risk score of 6 can get there for very different reasons — one through high beta, the other through high ATR%. The score itself doesn't show that distinction.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Risk badge on every ticker card
- Summary table in the report
ETF-Specific Terms
Acc (Accumulating)
etf
A reinvesting ETF share class: dividends received are automatically reinvested in the fund instead of paid out. No direct payout -- the dividend stays invested, but that is no guarantee of a higher or positive return. Tax treatment varies by country.
Limitations
Acc applies to the share class, not necessarily the whole ETF -- the same fund can have both an Acc and a Dist variant.
Example
See the worked "ETF: Acc vs Dist" example further down this page.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Acc/Dist badge on ETF ticker cards
Dist (Distributing)
etf
A distributing ETF: dividends are periodically paid out to the holder. Suits investors who want passive income or cash flow.
Limitations
Payout frequency (monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual) varies by fund -- check this with the fund provider itself, not just the Dist label.
Example
See the worked "ETF: Acc vs Dist" example further down this page.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Acc/Dist badge on ETF ticker cards
TER (Total Expense Ratio)
etf
Annual costs of an ETF as a percentage of invested assets. Lower = cheaper. Typically 0.07% - 0.75%. Every basis point adds up over the long term.
Limitations
TER doesn't cover all real costs -- transaction costs within the fund, the bid-ask spread and tracking difference vs. the index fall outside it.
Example
Two ETFs with the same TER can still deliver a different actual return due to a different tracking difference.
AI Analysis
Trend
ai analysis
Describes whether the price is rising, falling or moving sideways, based on RSI, MACD and recent price change. Purely descriptive -- not a recommendation on what to do.
Limitations
The outcome depends on the period used -- a stock can fall on one day, rise over thirty days and move sideways over a year. "The trend" without a time horizon is incomplete.
Example
A "rising" trend based on the last 5 days says nothing about where the price stood six months ago.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Technical position analysis (dashboard) and the report's AI Analysis tab
Support & Resistance
technical
Price levels where the price has often turned in the past. Support: level above which the price has historically held. Resistance: level below which the price has historically stayed. Calculated per time horizon (short/medium/long term).
Limitations
Support and resistance are zones, not exact prices -- the price can temporarily move through them without that being a confirmed breakout.
Example
A short-term level can be reached by a small price move; the long-term level changes much more slowly.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Technical position analysis (dashboard) and the report's AI Analysis tab
- Breakout alert
MA50 / MA200
technical
Moving average of the price over the last 50 and 200 trading days respectively. When MA50 is above MA200, this points to a longer-term uptrend (and vice versa).
Limitations
Moving averages lag price changes -- this is the same underlying comparison as a Golden/Death Cross, with the same lagging nature.
Example
MA50 can already be above MA200 for weeks while the price itself is already falling again -- the indicator lags the actual price.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- The "MA50/MA200" field in the report's AI Analysis tab
Bull / Bear Case
ai analysis
Two opposing scenarios, each grounded in concrete price levels (e.g. "if the price closes above X, Y is the next technical level"). Bull case: upside scenario. Bear case: downside scenario. Not a prediction, not a recommendation.
Limitations
Both scenarios describe possible developments -- how detailed a scenario is says nothing about how likely it is to happen.
Example
A detailed bull case doesn't mean MyStockWatcher expects a rally -- the bear case is prepared with the same care.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- The report's AI Analysis tab
Peer Comparison
valuation
Comparison with similar stocks from the same sector. Shows relative price performance, RSI and P/E ratio. Helps assess whether a stock is relatively cheap or expensive.
Limitations
A difference in P/E between peers can point to a different market valuation, but should be assessed together with growth, profitability, debt and risk -- P/E alone isn't enough to call something "cheap" or "expensive".
Example
A stock with a lower P/E than its peers may be undervalued, but could also be cheaper for good reason, e.g. weaker growth prospects.
Used in MyStockWatcher for
- Peers tab in the report
- Peer-average comparison on the Fundamentals tab
Currencies & Exchanges
Exchange Suffixes
exchange
.AS = Amsterdam (Euronext), .BR = Brussels, .DE = Frankfurt (Xetra), .PA = Paris, .L = London. No suffix = NYSE/NASDAQ (US).
Limitations
"No suffix = NYSE/NASDAQ" holds within the market data source used -- a ticker refers to a specific listing, and the same company can have multiple listings and currencies across exchanges.
Example
ZZ-B.ST (Zinzino, Stockholm) and any US listing of the same company would be two separate tickers, each with its own price and currency.
Currency Symbols
currency
$ = USD (dollar), € = EUR (euro), £ = GBP (British pound), kr = SEK/NOK/DKK (Scandinavian krona/krone), ¥ = JPY (Japanese yen).
Limitations
"kr" is ambiguous -- it denotes the Swedish, Norwegian and Danish krona/krone alike, three different currencies each with their own exchange rate.
Example
134.80 kr could be Swedish, Norwegian or Danish kroner -- always check the ISO code (SEK/NOK/DKK) for the ticker in question before comparing amounts.
Examples & Clarification
Gross Margin
Revenue $100M − Cost of goods $30M = Gross Profit $70M → $70M ÷ $100M = Gross Margin 70%
A software company with a 70% gross margin keeps $70 out of every $100 in revenue. For a retailer, 25-30% is normal. A higher gross margin often points to pricing power or a scalable model -- typical margins vary a lot by sector.
P/E Ratio in practice
Price €150 ÷ EPS €5 = P/E 30
You're paying 30x annual earnings. Is that expensive? For a growth company like NVIDIA (P/E 60+) it's relatively cheap. For a utility company (P/E 12-18) it would be expensive. Always compare within the sector!
RSI interpretation
RSI = 25 → Oversold | RSI = 75 → Overbought
An RSI of 25 means the stock has declined far more than it has risen over the past 14 days. Statistically a rebound is more likely, but it can also mean further decline on bad news.
Dividend Yield calculation
Annual dividend €3.20 ÷ Price €80 × 100 = Yield 4.0%
With a €10,000 investment you receive €400 per year in dividends. Note: if the price drops sharply, the yield automatically rises — that's not always a good sign!
Beta & risk
Market +2% → Beta 1.5 stock: +3% | Beta 0.5 stock: +1%
High beta (e.g. Tesla, beta 2.0) moves more sharply with the market — bigger gains on the way up, but bigger losses on the way down. Low beta (e.g. Unilever, beta 0.4) is more defensive.
Stop-Loss with ATR
Price €50 − (2 × ATR €1.80) = Stop-Loss €46.40
€46.40 is an indicative risk level, not a guaranteed sell price -- a stop order doesn't guarantee execution at exactly that level (e.g. on a price gap or low liquidity). The distance between €50 and €46.40 is ~7.2%; the actual result can differ due to price gaps, costs and execution. The ATR method adapts to the stock's own volatility.
MACD crossover
MACD line crosses above the signal line → Bullish crossover
When the MACD line (blue) crosses the signal line (orange) from below to above, this is often interpreted as a positive momentum signal (the reverse as negative). Its position relative to the zero line adds context: a crossover below zero can point to an early recovery, one above zero can give further confirmation of positive momentum.
ETF: Acc vs Dist
Fund X (Acc) → reinvests | Fund X (Dist) → pays out
For the same ETF with an Acc and a Dist share class, the Acc variant automatically keeps the dividend invested; the Dist variant pays it out as cash. If the distributed dividend isn't reinvested, a difference in compound returns builds up over time -- that's no guarantee of a higher end result. Tax treatment varies by country, residency and fund structure.
Market Cap categories
Apple $3T = Mega-cap | Barco €2.8B = Mid-cap
Mega/Large-cap = more stable, more liquidity, lower volatility. Small-cap = higher growth potential but also higher risk and less trading volume.
Golden Cross example
SMA50 crosses above SMA200 → Golden Cross = Bullish
This is often interpreted as a shift toward a more positive long-term trend. The pattern is lagging (SMAs react slowly to price changes) and can also give a false signal -- no guarantee of further gains. Always combine with other indicators and market context.